@article{ABBAS2024103945,
  title = {Towards zero-energy: Navigating the future with 6G in Cellular Internet of Things},
  journal = {Journal of Network and Computer Applications},
  volume = {230},
  pages = {103945},
  year = {2024},
  issn = {1084-8045},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2024.103945},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S108480452400122X},
  author = {Muhammad Tahir Abbas and Karl-Johan Grinnemo and Guillaume Ferré and Philippe Laurent and Stefan Alfredsson and Mohammad Rajiullah and Johan Eklund},
  keywords = {Energy harvesting, 6G, Cellular Internet of Things, CIoT, Zero-energy devices},
  abstract = {The Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) has seen significant growth in recent years. With the deployment of 5G, it has become essential to reduce the power consumption of these devices for long-term sustainability. The upcoming 6G cellular network introduces the concept of zero-energy CIoT devices, which do not require batteries or manual charging. This paper focuses on these devices, providing insight into their feasibility and practical implementation. The paper examines how CIoT devices use simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, beamforming, and backscatter communication techniques. It also analyzes the potential use of energy harvesting and power management in zero-energy CIoT devices. Furthermore, the paper explores how low-power transceivers can lower energy usage while maintaining dependable communication functions.}
}